NOISE
Noise: Types
Impulsive noise:
- High intensity for low duration (firecracker, nuclear/mining explosion, gunshots, hammer blow, etc.)
- Characterized by noise levels more than 40dB with a duration of less than a second
Continuous noise:
- produces continuously
- Noise generated by a machine that keeps running without interruption, e.g. generator, vehicle, etc.
Intermittent noise:
- Noise generated with a break. E.g. drilling machines in carpenter work, grinders, etc.
Major Sources
Natural sources – lightening, wind, rainfall, etc
Man-made sources
- Domestic / home appliances
- Industries/factories
- Transportation
- Occupational
- Social and religious events
- Public announcement
SAFETY LIMITS- How loud is too loud?
The maximum exposure limit is 85dB for eight hours a day
WHO guidelines
The WHO guidelines for community noise recommend
- less than 30 dB(A) in bedrooms during the night for a sleep of good quality
- less than 35 dB(A) in classrooms to allow good teaching and learning conditions
The WHO guidelines for night noise recommend less than 40 dB(A) of annual average outside of bedrooms to prevent adverse health effects from night noise.
Impacts of Noise Pollution
The degree of harmful effects depends on its
- intensity
- exposure time
- location of a person
- nature of the work performed by a person and his individual characteristics
Control over Noise Pollution
- Legal / Administrative control
- Airports, railway stations, and bus parks should be away from residential areas
- The “No horn” policy should be strictly implemented in areas like schools, offices, hospitals, etc.
- Regulation of using loudspeaker (time-bound)Bann of pressure horn
- Promote new technology that is noise proof or least noise generating
- Mechanical / Engineering control
- Source control – use of sound absorbing materials, acoustic treatment to machine surface, limiting the operational timing
- Control over vibrations
- Sound insulation
- Sound absorption
- Vibration damping
- Personal control (sensitization, use of PPE, etc.)
Control techniques
- Noise can be controlled:
- Reduce noise at the source
- Is the most effective to eliminate noise at the source.
- Noise can be controlled at the source of generation by :Maintenance of automobiles / regular servicing / lubrication of machines, tightening the loose unit / plastic or rubber buffer on furniture to avoid noise cause due to dragging of furnitureControl over vibrations (proper foundations/ rubber padding to reduce shock)Prohibition of uses of loud speakers in habitant zones, pressure horns, ban on unnecessary blowing of hornsTurning off the engine at rest
- Modification of manufacturing designs like enclosing the engine parts within proper noise insulating materials
- Reduce noise at the source
- Block the path of noise
- Constructing sound-proof buildings
- Green belt development (Plantations) : helps in controlling by absorbing high frequency sound waves
- Increase the path length
- Moving factories and industries (noisy operations or machinery) away from residential areas / people
- Protect the recipient
- Receiver of noise must be safe guarded by using of PPE appropriately
- Use of ear plugs
Noise Pollution – Management Principles
- Prevention principle
- Precautionary principle
- Polluter pays principle
- Without an adequate policy framework and adequate legislation it is difficult to maintain an active or successful noise management program
- The goals are more readily achieved if the interconnected government policies are compatible and coordinated (if issues crosses different areas of government policy)
Legal provisions
- There are few laws that provide provisions on noise pollution in Nepal
- The Civil Aviation Act, 1958 provides a provision to control airplane noise
- The Explosives Act, 1961 is to regulate noise from the use of explosives to some extent
- But the major noise pollution in the city is from vehicular traffic and textile/metal cutting industries, have not been covered by any legal framework in Nepal
- Provisions controlling noise from other range of accessories like power tools, air conditioners, amplified music should also be considered
Effects of environmental degradation on human health along with future consequences.
Introduction:
Environmental degradation and its impact on human health have been a serious global issue for the last few decades. Environmental degradation is both anthropogenic as well as non-anthropogenic. The two main reasons include the Industrial Revolution and a population explosion. There are mainly three main types of environmental degradation which are land/soil degradation, water degradation, and air degradation. WHO estimates anthropogenic factors contribute to a significant percentage of all environmental degradation in recent years with environment-related deaths contributing almost 23 % of global deaths (Prüss-Üstün et al., 2006).
Relationship between environmental degradation and human health:
Human beings rely on the environment heavily for various resources as well as ecosystem-related services such as clean air, water, and food. There is an intricate relationship between human beings and the environment. A multitude of health-related problems occur due to environmental degradation because of disruption in essential services. Environmental degradation has immediate, short term and long-term effects on human health. Immediate effects are generally caused by air pollution affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
Current effects of environmental degradation on the human health:
Air pollution: Air pollution is a major environmental hazard and is attributed to in 2012, ambient air pollution was responsible for 3.7 million deaths, representing 6.7 % of the total deaths with About 88% of these deaths occurring in low and middle-income countries. (WHO, 2014). Increasing levels of air pollution, driven by factors like industrial emissions, vehicular exhaust, burning fossil fuel, and deforestation with an increase in greenhouse gases including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons have been linked to respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. Inhalation of particulate matter and toxic gases can result in respiratory infections, asthma, lung cancer, and chronic illnesses. Recently studies in China, Italy, and the United States have shown an association between air pollution and the transmission of COVID-19 (Zhang et al., 2020).
Contaminated water and waterborne diseases; water scarcity
Environmental degradation often results in water contamination by various means including industrial waste, agriculture runoff, and poor and improper/ unhealthy sanitation practices. In 2022, at least 1.7 billion people used a drinking water source contaminated with feces globally. Consuming contaminated water may result in individuals suffering from various waterborne diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, and polio which are estimated to cause approximately 505 000 diarrhoeal deaths each year (Shayo et al., 2023). Depletion of freshwater resources and high salinity of water pose significant problems, especially for women and children in low-income countries.
Loss of biodiversity and emerging zoonotic diseases:
Degradation of the existing habitat and increasing human encroachment activities in the wildlife, transmission of zoonotic diseases is facilitated. biodiversity loss appears to increase the risk of human exposure to both new and established zoonotic pathogens. Multiple human-mediated environmental changes and activities have been found to be key drivers of zoonotic disease emergence, promoting the conditions in which zoonoses can emerge e.g. Ebola virus, SARS, and most recently Covid-19 pandemic (Keesing & Ostfeld, 2021).
Food security and malnutrition:
Environmental degradation causes disruption in the agricultural system heralding in decreasing yield of crops, food shortages, and resultant escalation of food prices. This contributes to malnutrition, both overnutrition and undernutrition having long-term impacts on human health. In recent years, in developing countries, the rapid growth of food production has also a concern for having a negative impact on the environment due to the overuse of various fertilizers, pesticides, and insecticides (Subramaniam & Masron, 2021).
Future consequences of environmental degradation on Human Health
Climate change and extreme weather events:
Environmental degradation results in worsening climate change with a resultant increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, floods, droughts, and heat waves. These results in disruptions to food and water security, worsening air quality, the rise of vector-borne diseases, exacerbations of chronic disease, mental health stressors, and worker injury risks. It is estimated to cause almost 60,000 deaths per annum globally (Leal Filho et al., 2022).
Environmental toxins and chronic diseases, cancers:
Continued environmental degradation makes human beings prone to continuous exposure to harmful substances such as heavy metals, pesticides, and persistent organic pollutants. According to the Global Alliance on Health and Pollution, exposure to toxic air, water, soil, and chemical pollution is the largest environmental cause of premature death, with an estimated 8.3 million deaths globally in 2017. Although much is known about the substances that result in environmental hazards impacting human health, many challenges exist due to various factors. Overt dependence on substances and energy sources associated with toxins, difficulty in assessing the actual environmental impact, and vested interests of stakeholders are the prime factors. Neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been linked to various toxins including rotenone and permethrin used as insecticides. Studies in low-income countries have demonstrated an increase in infectious diseases attributed to environmental pollutants and the resultant poor immune status of people (Sarah et al., 2022). According to an analysis published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 120 chemicals have been identified as “known” carcinogens; another 81 have been identified as “probable” carcinogens; and another 299 as “possibly” carcinogenic. Well-known carcinogens are asbestos, nickel, cadmium, radon, vinyl chloride, benzidine, and benzene. Besides, an association between endocrine and reproductive disorders with environmental toxins has also been noted (Cohen & Jefferies, 2019).
Mental health impacts:
Escalation in environmental degradation has been associated with varying degrees of mental health issues in humans. Climate change, deforestation, and pollution have a negative impact on mental health as demonstrated in various studies. It is generally noted that individuals of low socioeconomic status or indigenous populations are in psychosocial distress (Wigand et al., 2022).
Displacement, migration, socioeconomic and health impacts:
Although migration can be an adaptive strategy to climate changes, migration due to environmental changes is complex and its impact differs variably on a multitude of factors having direct or indirect effects. The migrating or host communities may be subjected to the long-term effects of migration in geomorphological and population health contexts (Schwerdtle et al., 2018).
Multidimensional and disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations:
Climate changes and environmental degradation have resulted in explicit inequalities among the vulnerable and marginalized population compared to the affluent in exacerbating all health consequences. Limited economic and technological resources imply increased impacts on this population to cope with the risks of climate change (Khine & Langkulsen, 2023). Environmental degradation has a significant effect in difficulty in addressing the poverty issues in the impoverished society and results in difficulty in achieving the desired goals.
Socio-economic impact
Environmental degradation can have significant socioeconomic impacts. When the environment is degraded, not only agriculture, and farming but also other sectors including tourism are affected resulting in economic loss. Depletion of natural resources can disrupt the supply chain and increase prices of goods and services. In the long run, this results in a significant burden on healthcare expenditure which further continues the vicious cycle.
Mitigating the Effect of environmental degradation on human Health:
Climate change and environmental degradation have profound impacts on human health and need to be properly addressed in a multifaceted approach. Adopting a One Health approach, enhancing cross-sector, transboundary communication, as well as collaboration among multiple stakeholders is prudent in minimizing the risks related to environmental degradation. The severity of the health risks depends on the ability of the existing public health system to adequately intervene based on the local resources.
To mitigate the existing and future consequences of environmental degradation, it is imperative to have early preparedness, develop climate resilient infrastructure and sustainable practices, use renewable sources of energy, reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants, address pollution issues as well as public education, reinforcing controlling strategies, reforestation, crop rotation as well as reducing exposure to harmful pollutants. Besides, it is essential to address environmental health disparities and risks.
Conclusion:
Government Laws and policies should be developed and strictly implemented prioritizing both the environment and human health. International cooperation among different countries and partners is essential to achieve desired goals and its sustainability. A strong environmental education (EE) system with the responsiveness of humans towards nature for sustainability and environmental security is the need of time.
References:
Cohen, L., & Jefferies, A. (2019). Environmental exposures and cancer: Using the precautionary principle. Ecancermedicalscience, 13, ed91. https://doi.org/10.3332/ecancer.2019.ed91
Keesing, F., & Ostfeld, R. S. (2021). Impacts of biodiversity and biodiversity loss on zoonotic diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(17), e2023540118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023540118
Khine, M. M., & Langkulsen, U. (2023). The Implications of Climate Change on Health among Vulnerable Populations in South Africa: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3425. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043425
Leal Filho, W., Balasubramanian, M., Purcell, W., & Paz, S. (2022). Handling the health impacts of extreme climate events. Environmental Sciences Europe, 34(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-022-00621-3
Prüss-Üstün, A., Corvalán, C., & World Health Organization. (2006). Preventing disease through healthy environments: Towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease. World Health Organization.
Sarah, R. H., Shariful Islam, M., Zamiur Rahaman, M., Afrin, S., Rahman, M., & Saif-Ur-Rahman, K. M. (2022). Pivotal role of environmental toxicants on developing infectious diseases in LMICs: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 12(7), e058927. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058927
Schwerdtle, P., Bowen, K., & McMichael, C. (2018). The health impacts of climate-related migration. BMC Medicine, 16(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0981-7
Shayo, G. M., Elimbinzi, E., Shao, G. N., & Fabian, C. (2023). Severity of waterborne diseases in developing countries and the effectiveness of ceramic filters for improving water quality. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 47(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01088-9
Subramaniam, Y., & Masron, T. A. (2021). Food security and environmental degradation: Evidence from developing countries. GeoJournal, 86(3), 1141–1153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10119-w
Wigand, M. E., Timmermann, C., Scherp, A., Becker, T., & Steger, F. (2022). Climate Change, Pollution, Deforestation, and Mental Health: Research Trends, Gaps, and Ethical Considerations. GeoHealth, 6(11), e2022GH000632. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GH000632
Zhang, Z., Xue, T., & Jin, X. (2020). Effects of meteorological conditions and air pollution on COVID-19 transmission: Evidence from 219 Chinese cities. The Science of the Total Environment, 741, 140244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140244
去武大看人还是看樱花?
Seasons go and seasons come, and here came again the time for the cherry blossom in Wuhan to bloom (as well as many parts of the world; but I am unaware if it is during this time in the Southern Hemisphere). More than 200,000 visitors including me had gone to see the Cherry blossom ( Sakura originally in Japanese) which makes Wuhan University the most beautiful campus in China. With more than 1000 trees blooming in time, the scene was so vivid even though finding oneself lost in the midst of crowd and difficult to find one’s way back in this swarm of people. So it is a bit like ” 去武大看人还是看樱花？“ And not to forget the joke of the day, that a girl proposed a boy to marry her under the Cherry blossom tree (click this CHINA SMACK). This year’s is going to end, 2012 and me are off and away…..
CWC 2011 – India’s triumph and lesson to learn for we non-Indian fans
Finally the world cup of cricket ended with my earlier prophesied result with India being the Champions after almost 28 years. Unlike the previous India’s triumph in 1983 in which India was not favorite and India considered lucky, this world cup team of India was totally different. The teams at this time did not depend on a single individual but rather stood up always as a team. A great improvement had been seen in the batting and definitely in the fielding department in the recent years. An area of dismay to me still rests on the bowling aspect of India which doesn’t look so threatening to opponents. A great appreciation has to be given to MS Dhoni who was able to mold the team and making them hungry for wins every time they take on the field. A great individual who had kept his cool at the times when there were criticism from every corner to his leadership, he just kept all quiet and also at the right time. Sachin was able to make yet another records in this world cup and he is at the end blessed with the World cup triumph. Yuvraj Singh for me had played the most pivotal role in all India’s win and truly deserved the Man of the Series, though contribution from other players cannot be disregarded.
At the end, did not hear any player thanking we, thought not Indians but India’s cricket fan for the continuous support we had even through the time when India had a crashing defeat by Sri Lanka in 1996. All their gratitude was to the Indian people, Sachin, Gary etc. May be the wishes and prayers by more than 1.2 billion people was more than enough for the team for the glory and it was time for us to choose another team which has gone through a turmoil.
Indian English
Indian English: It vill be wery helpful, yaar!
It is the year 2020 and call centers are opening all over the West, as the new economic power India outsources work to the countries where many jobs originated. Millions of Americans, still struggling to adapt to a global economy, are willing to accept jobs that pay them in a new currency sweeping much of the world: EuRupees.
Some of them, eager to land one of the customer service jobs from India, are attending special training sessions in New York City, led by language specialist Dave Ramsey, who goes by a simpler name for his Indian clients: Devendra Ramaswaminathan.
On this warm afternoon, the professor is teaching three ambitious students how to communicate with Indian customers.
Professor: “Okay, Gary, Randy and Jane, first we need to give you Indian names. Gary, from now on, you’ll be known to your customers as Gaurav. Randy, you’ll be Ranjit. And Jane, you’ll be Jagadamba. Now imagine you just received a call from Delhi. What do you say?”
Gary: “Name as tea?”
Professor: “I think you mean ‘namaste.’ Very good. But what do you say after that?”
Gary: “How can I help you?”
Professor: “You’re on the right track. Anyone else?”
Jane: “How can I be helping you?”
Professor: “Good try! You’re using the correct tense, but it’s not quite right. Anyone else?”
Randy: “How I can be helping you?”
Professor: “Wonderful! Word order is very important. Okay, let’s try some small talk. Give me a comment that would help you make a connection with your Indian customers.”
Randy: “It’s really hot, isn’t it?”
Professor: “The heat is always a good topic, but you haven’t phrased it correctly. Try again.”
Randy: “It’s deadly hot, isn’t it?”
Professor: “That’s better. But your tag question can be greatly improved.”
Randy: “It’s deadly hot, no?”
Professor: “Wonderful! You can put ‘no?’ at the end of almost any statement. You are understanding me, no?”
Jane: “Yes, we are understanding you, no?”
Professor (smiles): “We may need to review this later. But let’s move on to other things. Have you ever heard Indians use the word ‘yaar’?”
Randy: “Yes, my Indian friends use it all the time. Just last night, one of them said to me, ‘Randy, give me yaar password. I am needing it to fix yaar computer.”
Professor (laughs): “That’s a different ‘yaar,’ yaar. The ‘yaar’ that I’m talking about means friend or buddy. You can use it if you’ve developed a camaraderie with a customer. For example, you can say, ‘Come on, yaar. I am offering you the best deal.’ Do you understand, Jagadamba?”
Jane: “Yaar, I do.”
Professor (smiles): “Okay, let’s talk about accents. If your client says ‘I yam wery vorried about vat I bought for my vife,’ how would you respond?”
Randy: “Please don’t be vorrying, yaar. She vill be wery happy and vill give you a vild time tonight.”
Professor: “Vunderful! I mean, wonderful. You have a bright future, Ranjit. And so do you, Jagadamba. But Gaurav, you haven’t said anything in a while. Do you have any questions about what we’ve just learned?”
Gary: “Yes, Professor, I do have one question: Wouldn’t it be simpler to learn to speak Hindi?”
Source: http://www.nshima.com/indian-english-it-will-be.html
告别
Trying to root into the Chinese literature by means of a poem, Haha. Seems crazy but just a try indeed with the vocabulary that I am versed with though of course my Chinese language is really really awful. More than three years had been here and definitely the moment passed here shall remain in the memory lane in the future as I head back to the pavilion of mine soon. Thanks for bearing me and please bear this poem too 中国 和中国人‘s.
如果你想听几句话，在我走了以前
不知道什么时候会跟你再见面
这里的我这么伤心，你不会明白
真的不能告诉你再见和离开
如果我做的事情让你难过，再次说声对不起
你可以忘了我，我永远会记得你.
普杉
Sublime
If the words that I uttered did not sublime all your pain
I’m just losing myself with nothing at the end to gain
Shall not shed my tears as they won’t let you see
How close I was and how far now I had to be
All dreams fade away to the cloak of the night
Elapsed time to be forgotten as doomed not right
If you feel one day, for the sorrow in this soul of mine
Won’t it be too late to vent it at that time.
Block
The air is still, I am motionless, the clock is ticking. Time elapsed, moment passed a vicious cycle. Happiness, sorrow, pain, gain all in a fraction of milliseconds. Gaining and losing someone or something, vivid experiences all in flashbacks. Lost in the silence, vacuum thoughts, …… Nothing much to write, just everything seems complex.
MONTH OF FACE MASK CAMOUFLAGING
I am always mystified by the month of November as being myself a scorpio. But this time I feel this year had been for me to put on a face mask. Firstly, the creamy face mask of the birthday thanks to my dear and near ones. I just felt myself in disguise and just recalled the movie ‘Mask’; one of the English movie that I watched till date. Then, secondly the day of the 6th Luojia Autumn International Festival where I had got painted in my face with the unique flag of my country. A Chinese boy was telling "hen qiguai de" to the flag which means he had not seen any such triangular appearing flag of any country previously. With Katti ramro to Taal ko pani, the event was a memorable one as it is the last one for me as I graduate next year. Blessed be all.
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Chola maati ke raam
Saw the movie Peepli live today which nicely depicted the situation of the rural subcontinent. Lust for power and personal gains from the leader drag the poor people into more miserable scenario and also not to mention the mediocrity of the media. But above all, one song did got my attention, Chola Maati ke raam a song written by Gangaram Sakhetand; a folk singer hailing from Chattisgarh, a state in Central India.
Listening to the song I tried my best to make up the meaning of the song as below.(Actually the song doesn’t seem purely in Hindi and I am quite poor in Hindi too)
“This body is just like a clay which just blows even by the gust of wind and is not predictable at all.
No one is immortal, be it the wisest Guru Dronacharya, the greatest sacrificer Karna, the brave Bali or the arrogant Ravan all have to undergo through this realm of life and death.
Life is not static, riches doesn’t always remain and one gets the share on his part as destined by the Almighty. We are entitled to play our role.
Death, doesn’t spare the Emperor nor does it to the beggar, we all have to face it one day. Hence, the life we have should be understood. As nothing is certain of this coat of ours, we should refrain from the lust of the wordly things and devote to Hari. As Hari is the only one who can raise us from this vicious circle of life and death and make our life dignified.”
Here is the lyrics of the song Chola maati ke raam by Gangaram Sakhet
Chola maati ke raam
Ai kar ka bharosa
Chola mati ke re
Chola maati ke ho
Haay!!!
Chola maati ke raam
Ai kar ka bharosa
Chola mati ke re
Haay..
Chola maati ke raam
Ai kar ka bharosa
Chola mati ke re
Drona jaise guru chale gaye
Karan jaise daani
Sangi karan jaise daani
Baali jaise veer chale gaye
Raavan jas abhimani
Chola maati ke raam
Ai kar ka bharosa
Chola mati ke re
Konori hisna kono rahai bhaiya
Ee sabke paari, ek din aai sabke paari
Kaal konola chhode nahi
Raja rank bhikhari
Chola maati ke raam
Ai kar ka bharosa
Chola mati ke re
Bhav se paar lage barhete
Hari ke naam sumar le sangi
Hari ke naam sumar le
Ye duniya maya ke re pagla
Jeevan mukti kar le
Chola maati ke raam
Ai kar ka bharosa
Chola mati ke re
Chola maati ke ho
Haay!!!
Chola maati ke raam
Ai kar ka bharosa
Chola mati ke re
Chola maati ke raam
Ai kar ka bharosa
Chola mati ke re
Haay!!!
Chola maati ke raam
Ai kar ka bharosa
Chola mati ke re
Ai kar ka bharosa
Chola mati ke re
I could be the one
A great song to listen to, heard it the first time and just got my attention. Simply absorbing one by Donna Lewis, a purely soul reviver, thanks to my surfing and original credit to the one…. I could be the one ….
I could be your sea of sand 我可以做你沙滩的大海
I could be your warmth of desire 我可以做你渴望的温暖
I could be your prayer of hope 我可以做你希望的祈祷
I could be your gift to everyday 我可以做你每天的礼物
I could be your tide of heaven 我可以做你天堂的潮汐
I could be a hint of what’s to come 我可以做你未来的线索
I could be ordinary 我可以是平凡的
I could be the one 我可以是那个人
I could be your blue eyed angel 我可以做你蓝眼睛的天使
I could be the storm before the calm 我可以做平静前的暴风雨
I could be your secret pleasure 我可以做你的秘密乐趣
I could be your well wishing well 我可以做你的美好的愿望
I could be your breath of life 我可以做你的生气
I could be your European dream 我可以做你的欧洲梦 ( I could be your Nepalese dream 我可以做你的 尼泊尔梦）
I could be ordinary 我可以是平凡的
I could be the one 我可以是那个人
Now I would lie here in the darkness 现在我将活在黑暗中
Now I would lie here for all time 现在我将永远在这
Now I would lie here watching over you 现在我将在这一直凝视你
Comfort you 安慰你
Sing to you 唱歌给你
I could be your worry partner 我可以成为你烦恼的伴侣
I could be your socialite 我可以做你的社会名流
I could be your green eyed monster 我可以做你绿眼的怪物
I could be your force of light 我可以做你灯的支柱
I could be your temple garden 我可以做你的寺庙花园
I could be your tender hearted child 我可以做你有颗温柔心的孩子
I could be ordinary 我可以是平凡的
I could be the one 我可以是那个人
Now I would lie here in the darkness 现在我将活在黑暗中
Now I would lie here for all time 现在我将永远在这
Now I would lie here watching over you 现在我将在这一直凝视你
Comfort you 安慰你
Sing to you 唱歌给你
Will I ever change the journey 我将永远改变旅程吗
Will the hushed tones disappear 安静的气氛将消失了吗
Oh little Rita 哦，我的小丽塔
Let me hold you 让我拥有你
Oh little Rita 哦，我的小丽塔
Let me love you 让我爱你
I could be your leafy island 我可以做你叶状的岛屿
I could be your thunder in the clouds 我可以做你云中的雷
I could be your dark enclosure 我可以做你黑暗的围栏
I could be your romantic soul 我可以做你传奇的心灵
I could be your small beginning我可以做你小小的开端
I could be your suit in universe 我可以做你宇宙中的一套衣服
I could be ordinary 我可以是平凡的
I could be the one 我可以是那个人
I could be ordinary 我可以是平凡的
I could be the one 我可以是那个人
I could be ordinary 我可以是平凡的
I could be the one 我可以是那个人
A miniworld on a picture
Just the other day, while surfing around the internet I came across this website http://gigapixel-dresden.de/dresden26GP . As the website mentions it is the interactive snapshot of the town of Dresden, Germany.
“It consists of 1.665 full format pictures with 21.4 megapixel, which was recorded by a photo-robot in 172 minutes. The converting of 102 GB raw data by a computer with a main memory cache of 48 GB and 16 processors took 94 hours. With a resolution of 297.500 x 87.500 pixel (26 gigapixel) the picture is the largest in the world. (stand December 2009)”
Just caught my imagination. For others check http://www.afb-media.de/
Primary esophageal lymphoma in immunocompetent patients: Two case reports and literature review
Copyright©2010 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.
Primary esophageal lymphoma in immunocompetent patients: Two case reports and literature review
Prasanna Ghimire, Guang-Yao Wu and Ling Zhu.
Prasanna Ghimire, Guang-Yao Wu, Ling Zhu, Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
Author contributions: Ghimire P served as the primary author, reviewed the literature and wrote the case report; Wu GY and Ling Z reviewed the manuscript.
Correspondence to: Guang-Yao Wu, MD, PhD, Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 169 East Lake Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China. wuguangy2002@yahoo.com.cn
Telephone: +86-27-67813187 Fax: +86-27-67813188
Received May 4, 2010; Revised May 27, 2010; Accepted June 4, 2010;
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Abstract
Primary lymphoma that involves the esophagus is very rare, with fewer than 30 cases reported in the English-language literature. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma accounts for most of the cases. Esophageal lymphomas have varied radiological appearances, which poses diagnostic difficulty. We report two cases of histopathologically confirmed primary diffuse large B-cell esophageal lymphoma and describe their radiological features, and briefly review the literature.
Keywords: Esophageal neoplasms, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Primary lymphoma, Esophagography, Computed tomography
Full article at http://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8470/full/v2/i8/334.htm
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HEALTH SECTOR IN NEPAL AND ITS CHALLENGES
As in many developing nations, health care in Nepal is provided jointly by the government and the private sector. The private sector is mostly profit oriented and is barely providing health care to the privileged group. The public health institutions are however the only hope for the remaining larger population. The services at these institutions are either not within reach of the majority of the population or simply lack the adequate man power, technology and infrastructure to provide the care for the needy.
According to the World Health Organization report on 2000 of the assessment of the world’s health systems, Nepal ranked 150th out of the 191 member states. The report also highlighted the important fact that Nepal was one the countries which was having the least fair financing of the health system. This had been attributed to the inequitable distribution of the health care to the general population with failure in the implementation of the running health programmes.
The Alma-Ata declaration of 1978 to which Nepal abided to, affirmed health as a fundamental human right and that the highest possible level of health is a most important world-wide social goal whose realization requires the action of many other social and economic sectors in addition to the health sector. Nepal has been adopting the primary health care (PHC) with essential PHC services for the last two decades. Various goals and targets were set for ‘Achieving Health For All by the Year 2000’; some of the goals include at least 5% of gross national product should be spent on health; at least 90% of children should have a weight for age that corresponds to the reference values; safe water should be available in the home or within 15 minutes’ walking distance, and adequate sanitary facilities should be available in the home or immediate vicinity; people should have access to trained personnel for attending pregnancy and childbirth; and child care should be available up to at least one year of age.
Nepal had developed and adopted a national health policy in 1991. A 20 year (1997- 2017) Second Long Term Health Plan (SLTHP) is also being implemented which mainly aims at improving the health status of the underprivileged, the most vulnerable groups, women and children, the rural population, and the marginalized. This was promulgated to deliver essential health care in equitable distribution to the community with their full participation by means of technically competent and socially responsible health personnel. Different national health programmes were devised to curtail the existing health problems; however these programmes achieved relatively few successes when considering benefit to the aimed population. The reason for failure of these national health programmes can be attributed to be multifactorial. The most noteworthy factors that can be attributed to this are the lackadaisical approach by government officials and bureaucrats, non-scientific allocation of resources and uncoordinated implementation. The health ministry bewildered by its internal as well as external chaos also fails to enforce regulations that they themselves have created or are supposed to implement in the public interest. The availability of the resources at time s has not been justifiably utilized with waste of the medicines or facilities as expired or unusable state. By proper channels and coordination of the various levels of this chain of health system, this could be avoided and thus those facilities be utilized by the needy people. The Jajarkot incidence which took a heavy toll of life by a mere diarrhea or an outbreak of measles can exemplify how efficient and expedite management is of the government and health system to tackle any disasters. As a further setback, the existing allocations for the health sector have been curtailed off in the name for the various general development programmes which would barely exist.
A note must also be made to the volatile political scenario of the country which poses a great impact to the health sector. The monopoly and biased appointments have created havoc as seen in the recent shutdown of major hospitals with the brunt of the impact going to the marginalized society who cannot afford the expense of aristocratic private hospitals. Lack of security at working place, no proper incentive to the workers has led to massive brain drain in the medical field thus adding to the ongoing health related crisis. It should however be commented that the disarray in health sector doesn’t lie on the government alone but a major role also does play from the community as well as the medical fraternity itself. The various bandhs and inhumanly attitude of a part of the community has further dragged the health sector to dismay. The implementation of various essential health services and provision of emergency services to the needy have been affected immensely resulting in increase of the already high morbidities and mortalities.
The integrity of the medical fraternity itself is also in a mess and can also be questioned. In recent times, an inharmonious difference among the fraternity has also been an inculcating process to the disgrace of the medical community in general. Politicization and segmentalization of the institution has been a root for the dividend of the medical professionals. Be it the medical council’s election or any appointment of the members of the medical association, we have witnessed how much the system have been supervened by these processes. This has led to the deterioration of the already crippled health system thus warranting a drastic change to revert it. Over impulsive propagation of the hierarchy has also led to mistrust and bitter relations among the medical workers. Besides, the various incidences depict the widespread corruption, bribery, moonlighting and other illegal practices being practiced and encouraged by the health professionals themselves. The evil of commission, nepotisms has rooted so deeply that it deems very much imperative to wipe it from the bottom lest it corrodes the entire society.
Recently it has been advocated that health insurance system be implemented to the large population. In a country where approximately 30 % of the population is living under the poverty line, although virtually it may appear beneficial to the poorest people, it however doesn’t seem quite practicable and realistic at the present context of the economic instability of the country. A more rational approach would be the proper training of the health workers, proper implementation and distribution of the available resources and education of the community from the grass-root level, to achieve the expected goals.
A sound vision from the policy makers with proper implementation of the programmes, an attitude of humanity above self from the medical professionals and a thorough commitment from the community will definitely be a boon to the health care system thus making a healthier Nepal.
BRANCHES OF ABDOMINAL AORTA
BRANCHES OF ABDOMINAL AORTA
|
Branch |
Vertebra | Type | Paired | A/P |
Description |
| inferior phrenic | T12 | Parietal | yes | P | originates just below the diaphragm, supplying it from below |
| celiac | T12 | Visceral | no | A |
|
| superior mesenteric | L1 | Visceral | no | A |
|
| middle suprarenal | L1 | Visceral | yes | P | to adrenal gland |
| renal | L1 | Visceral | yes | P | large artery, each arising from the side of the aorta; supplies corresponding kidney; arises in the transpyloric plane |
| gonadal | L2 | Visceral | yes | P | ovarian artery in females; testicular artery in males |
| lumbar | L1-L4 | Parietal | yes | P | four on each side that supply the abdominal wall and spinal cord |
| inferior mesenteric | L3 | Visceral | no | A |
|
| median sacral | L4 | Parietal | no | P | |
| common iliac | L4 | Terminal | yes | P |
|
Source: wikipedia
RESPIRATORY PNEUMONICS
RESPIRATORY PNEUMONICS
Interstitial Lung Disease
- Sarcoid
- Histiocytosis X
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Tumor (Lymphangitic)
- Failure
- Asbestosis (and other dusts)
- Collagen Vascular Disease
- Environmental dusts (organic – farmer’s lung, inorganic – silica, coal)
- Drug
ABC’s of Trauma
The chest radiograph is an economical and sensitive screening examination for the major injuries in the patient who has sustained blunt chest trauma. Just as the physician uses the ABC’s to stabilize the critical ill patient (Airway, Breathing, Circulation), the radiologic ABC’s prompt the radiologist to consider all of the critical injuries that may be sustained with blunt trauma. THE most critical injury is considered first.
- Aortic Transection
- Bronchial fracture
- Cord injury (Thoracic spine)
- Diaphragmatic rupture
- Esophageal tear
- Flail chest
- Gas (subtle pneumothorax)
- Heart (Cardiac injury)
- Iatrogenic (Misplaced monitoring & support catheters)
- PEARL: Causes of Unilateral Lung Disease
- Pneumonia
- Edema
- Aspiration
- Radiation
- Lymphangtic Tumor
- FAT PAD: Cardiophrenic angle mass
- Fat
- Pericardial cyst
- Adenopathy/Aneurysm
- Diaphragmatic Hernia
- BIG HIPS: Honeycomb Lung
- Bleomycin
- Idiopathic
- Granulomas
- Histiocytosis X
- Interstitial pneumonia
- Pneumoconiosis
- Sarcoid
- Late Night Sex: Interstitial lung disease & Hyperinflation
- Lymphangiomyomatosis
- Neurofibromatosis
- Sarcoid
- Emphysema
- X, histiocytosis
- Balls: Nodules with Air Bronchograms
- BAC
- Amyloid
- Lymphoma
- Lipoid pneumonia
- Sarcoid
- Balls: Chronic Airspace Disease
- Bronchoalveolar carcinoma
- BOOP
- Aspiration
- Alveolar proteinosis
- Lipoid pneumonia
- Loeffler’s (chronic eosinophilic pneumonia)
- Lymphoma
- Pseudolymphoma
- Sarcoid (alveolar)
Set Carp: Apical Lung Disease
- Sarcoid
- EG, Eosinophilic pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Radiation therapy
- PCP (cystic)
- Pneumoconiosis
Bad Rash: Basilar Lung Disease
- Bronchiectasis, BOOP
- Aspiration
- Drugs
- Rheumatoid
- Asbestosis
- Scleroderma
- Hamman-Rich
YES CT: Germ Cell Tumors
- Yolk Sac Tumors
- Embryonal cell carcinoma
- Seminoma
- Choriocarcinoma
- Teratoma
Systemic Pulmonary Artery Shunts
- Good Glenn ( SVC to RPA )
- Flow Fontan ( RA to RV )
- Really Rastelli ( RV to RPA )
- Would Waterston-Cooley ( RPA to AA )
- Be Blalock-Taussig ( RPA to subclavian )
- Perfect Potts ( LPA to DA )
Contrast Enhancing Mediastinal Mass
- Capt/Capt
- Castleman
- Aneurysm
- Paraganglioma
- Thryoid
- Carcinoid
- Aneurysm (so important needs to be mentioned twice)
- Parathyroid
- Tuberculosis
- O Captian! My Captian
- O Captain! my Captian! our fearful trip is done;
- The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won;
- The port is near; the bells I hear; the people all exulting,
- While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring, Walt Whitman
Multiple thin-walled cavities
- Pitch
- Pneumatocele + bullae
- Infections (Tb, cocci)
- Tumors (Squamous cell)
- Cysts (bronchogenic, trauma)
- Hydrocarbon ingestion
Solitary Lung Mass
- CASH PLEASE (if you miss it!)
- Cancer
- Abscess
- Solitary met
- Hamartoma
- Psuedotumor
- Lymphoma
- Echinococcus
- Actinomycosis
- Sequestration
Calcifying Metastases
- BOTTOM
- Breast
- Osteogenic carcinoma
- Thyroid (papillary)
- Ovarian
- Mucinous adenocarcinoma
Multiple Pleural Masses
- MALLETS
- Mesothelioma
- Adenocarcinoma
- Lymphoma
- Leukemia
- Empyema
- Thymoma
- Splenosis
Cavity
- Cancer
- Autoimmune (Wegeners, RA)
- Vascular (septic emboli)
- Infectious (Tb, Abscess)
- Trauma
- Young (bronchogenic cyst, laryngotracheal papillomatosis)
PANCREATITIS: BALTHAZAR SEVERITY INDEX
Pancreatitis: BALTHAZAR SEVERITY INDEX
CT appearance:
Normal – 0 points
Large pancreas – 1 point
Pancreatic/ peripancreatic inflammation – 2
1 fluid collection – 3
> 2 fluid collection – 4
% necrosis:
0 – 0
<> 50% – 6
Score of 0 – no mortality, score 7 to 10 – 17% mortality
HEPATITIS B
Serological markers of HBV infection
During HBV infection, the serological markers vary depending on whether the infection is acute or chronic.11, 23, 31
| Antigens | Antibodies |
| HBsAg Hepatitis B surface antigen is the earliest indicator of acute infection and is also indicative of chronic infection if its presence persists for more than 6 months. It is useful for the diagnosis of HBV infection and for screening of blood.
Its specific antibody is anti-HBs. |
anti-HBsThis is the specific antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. Its appearance 1 to 4 monthsafter onset of symptoms indicates clinical recovery and subsequent immunity to HBV.Anti-HBs can neutralize HBV and provide protection against HBV infection. |
| HBcAgHepatitis B core antigen is derived from theprotein envelope that encloses the viral DNA, and it is not detectable in the bloodstream. When HBcAg peptides are expressed on the surface of hepatocytes, they induce an immune response that is crucial for killing infected cells. The HBcAg is a marker of the infectious viral material and it is the most accurate index of viral replication. Its specific antibody is anti-HBc. | anti-HBcThis is the specific antibody to hepatitis B coreantigen. Antibodies to HBc are of class IgM andIgG. They do not neutralize the virus. The presence of IgM identifies an early acute infection. In the absence of HBsAg and anti-HBs, it shows recent infection. IgG with no IgM may be present in chronic and resolved infections.Anti-HBc testing identifies all previously infected persons, including HBV carriers, but does not differentiate carriers and non-carriers. |
| HBeAgHepatitis B e antigen appearing during weeks 3 to 6 indicates an acute active infection at its most infectious period, and means that the patient is infectious. Persistence of this virological marker beyond 10 weeks shows progression to chronic infection and infectiousness. Continuous presence ofanti-HBe indicates chronic or chronic active liver disease. HBeAg is not incorporated into virions, but is instead secreted into the serum. Mutant strains of HBV exist that replicate without producing HBeAg. HBeAg’s function is uncertain.
Its specific antibody is anti-HBe. |
anti–HBeThis is the specific antibody to hepatitis B eantigen. During the acute stage of infection theseroconversion from e antigen to e antibody is prognostic for resolution of infection. Its presence in the patient’s blood along withanti-HBc and in the absence of HBsAg, anti-HBsand core HBV mutants indicates low contagiousness and convalescence. 31 |
| HBxAg Hepatitis B x antigen is detected in HBeAg positive blood in patients with both acute and chronic hepatitis. HBxAg is a transcriptional activator. It does not bind to DNA. Its specific antibody is anti-HBx. | anti-HBx This is the specific antibody to hepatitis B xantigen. It appears when other virological markers are becoming undetectable. |
| HBV DNA HBV DNA is detectable by hybridization assays or PCR as soon as 1 week after initial infection. The tests are generally performed for monitoring of antiviral treatment or to detect mutants that escape detection by current methods. | |
| HBV DNA polymerase Tests for the presence of HBV DNA polymerase, detectable within 1 week of initial infection, are only performed for research purposes. |
HBV serological markers in hepatitis patients
The three standard blood tests for hepatitis B can determine if a person is currently infected with HBV, has recovered, is a chronic carrier, or is susceptible to HBV infection.15, 23, 31
| Assay results | Interpretation | ||
| HBsAg | anti-HBs | anti-HBc | |
| + | – | – | Early acute HBV infection |
| + | +/- | + | Acute or chronic HBV infection. Differentiate with IgM-anti-HBcDetermine level of infectivity with HBeAg or HBV DNA. |
| – | + | + | Indicates previous HBV infection and immunity to hepatitis B. |
| – | – | + | Possibilities include: past HBV infection; low-level HBVcarrier; time span between disappearance of HBsAg and appearance of anti-HBs; or false-positive or nonspecific reaction. Investigate with IgM anti-HBc, and/or challenge with HBsAg vaccine. When present,anti-HBe helps validate the anti-HBc reactivity. |
| – | – | – | Another infectious agent, toxic injury to the liver, disorder of immunity, hereditary disease of the liver, or disease of the biliary tract. |
| – | + | – | Vaccine-type response. |
From: Hollinger FB, Liang TJ. Hepatitis B Virus. In: Knipe DM et al., eds. Fields Virology, 4th ed., Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2001:2971-3036,15 with permission (http://lww.com).
Interpretation of HBV serologic markers in patients with hepatitis.15
Serological test findings at different stages of HBV infection and in convalescence
| anti-HBc | ||||||
| Stage of infection | HBsAg | anti-HBs | IgG | IgM | HBeAg | anti-HBe |
| late incubation period | + | – | – | – | + or – | – |
| acute hepatitis B or persistent carrier state | + | – | + | + | + | – |
| HBsAg-negative acute hepatitis B infection | – | – | – | + | – | – |
| recovery with loss of detectable anti-HBs | – | – | + | – | – | – |
| healthy HBsAg carrier | + | – | +++ | + or – | – | + |
| chronic hepatitis B, persistent carrier state | + | – | +++ | + or – | + | – |
| HBV infection in recent past, convalescence | – | ++ | ++ | + or – | – | + |
| HBV infection in distant past, recovery | – | + or – | + or – | – | – | – |
| recent HBV vaccination, repeated exposure toantigen without infection, or recovery from infection with loss of detectable anti-HBc | – | ++ | – | – | – | – |
From: Robinson WS. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds.Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 4th ed. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1995:1406-1439,31 with permission.
Hepatitis B virus serological markers in different stages of infection and convalescence.23, 31, 52
Discordant or unusual hepatitis B serological profiles requiring further evaluation
Repeat testing of the same sample or possibly of an additional sample is advisable when tests yield discordant or unusual results.15
| HBsAg positive / anti-HBc negative | An HBsAg-positive response is accompanied by an anti-HBc negative reaction only during the incubation period of acute hepatitis B, before the onset of clinical symptoms and liver abnormalities. |
| HBsAg positive / anti-HBs positive / anti-HBc positive |
Uncommon, may occur during resolution of acute hepatitis B, in chronic carriers who have serious liver disease, or incarriers exposed to heterologous subtypes of HBsAg. |
| anti-HBc positive only | Past infection not resolved completely |
| HBeAg positive / HBsAg negative | Unusual |
| HBeAg positive / anti-HBe positive | Unusual |
| anti-HBs positive only in anonimmunized person | It may be a result of passive transfer of anti-HBs after transfusion of blood from a vaccinated donor, in patients receiving clotting factors, after IG administration, or in newborn children of mothers with recent or past HBV infection.Passively acquired antibodies disappear gradually over 3 to 6 months, whereas actively produced antibodies are stable over many years. Apparently quite common when person has forgotten his/her immunization status! |
Mutant proteins from mutant HBV strains may escape diagnostic detection. The presence of different serological markers should therefore be tested for a correct diagnosis. Diagnostic kits should containantibodies against a variety of mutant proteins, if perfection is the goal.
Prevalence of hepatitis B in various areas
| % of population positive for | infection | |||
| Area | HBsAg | anti-HBs | neonatal | childhood |
| Northern, Western, and Central Europe,North America,Australia | 0.2-0.5 | 4-6 | rare | infrequent |
| Eastern Europe, theMediterranean,Russia and theRussian Federation,Southwest Asia, Central and South America | 2-7 | 20-55 | frequent | frequent |
| Parts of China, Southeast Asia, tropical Africa | 8-20 | 70-95 | very frequent | very frequent |
Source: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/hepatitis/whocdscsrlyo20022/en/index3.html
HEPATITIS
Better viewable on full screen.
SARDAR NOT AGAIN
THE CONSTANT EXTENSION OF INESCAPABLE TRADITION
POSTED BY DR PRASANNA GHIMIRE AT 9:44 PM @drprasannaghimire. blogspot.com
OBSERVATION-DECEPTIVE?
Since time long, people have been exploring new ways and ideas as we have this urge to know new things as for we are humans. Be it from the time of Sadhus and Confuscius to this era of Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page, this earth has witnessed constant changes as the ordeal of time. The world now seems to be a very small interconnected states. With access to internet and satellite TV, we can know what is going on at the other corner of the world. But to my dismay, the question that I was asked by a Chinese man today shocked me. He asked me if I was Native African. I think despite the reforms and progresses witnessed in recent decade all over China, people still seem so illiterate about geography of the World and their descendants. I contend myself at this day as he may be the one who have read or learnt about the recent miracle as was a white girl delivered to the black couples. Whatever it may be , God bestow mercy on all of us. Amen
WEEK IN REVIEW
Something extraordinary did happen this week which makes me imperative to jot it down and post it here. From sports to the medical field something one of a sort had taken the headline.
- Muttiah Muralitharan bid farewell to the World of Cricket with an extraordinary career of a 800 hundred wicket as a bowler.
- Rudy Koertzen retires from umpiring in International Cricket with the last test being that between Australia and Pakistan.
- Pakistan registered their first test win against Australia in more than a decade
- Ben and Angela Ihegboro, a Nigerian couple gave birth to a white baby thus reminding us that we all were inherited from the same ancestor.
A CHINESE AUDIENCE’S REACTION TO THE JOKE OF AN AMERICAN
As I was going through the biography of Dr Benjamin Felson, I came across this joke. I quite find it interesting one as I too find it when a Chinese delivers a joke in TV or some lectures by some professors. Just have to laugh at the right time and pretend to be stupid or not stupid for others to decide.
A Chinese Audience’s Reaction To The Joke Of An American
A joke based on a true story.
The late Dr. Felson was an American professor in Radiology. He had embarked on lecture circuits in almost every state and many countries in the world. When he was at the university hospital in Beijing, he decided to break the ice by first telling a joke.
After delivering the first line of his joke, he waited for the host radiologist to do the translation. Instead of doing the translating, the host signaled Dr. Felson to continue speaking. He delivered the second line and waited. Again, the man signaled him to continue. Same thing happened after his third, fourth and fifth lines.
After the punch line, the man said “Zhei Meiguo jiaoshou shuo le yi ge xiaohua.”
The audience burst into hysterical laughter.
Dr. Felson said “Wow! Your translation is phenomenal! You did my entire joke with just a few words. What did you say?”
The man replied “I said ‘The American professor just told a joke’.”
The part of this true story is according to Mark Lui MD at buzzle.com
YOU KNOW YOU ARE A RADIOLOGIST WHEN …
You KNOW you’re a radiologist when…
1. …you switch off all the room lights when watching TV or when you are at the computer
2. …the strawberry milkshake at McDonald’s turns you off (It looks like a barium preparation for a swallow)
3. …someone asks a favour from you in the middle of the night, you say, “Will it make much of a difference if I do it for you tomorrow morning, instead?”
4. …someone asks you to comment on a picture, you use words like “soft”, “too noisy”, “motion blurring”, etc.
5. …you refer to dust on your wedding photo as “artifacts”.
6. …your spouse asks you how your day was, you describe it in detail and sum it up by giving an overall impression.
7. …you always wonder what’s that thing hanging around other doctor’s necks, and then suddenly it hits you – it’s a stethoscope!
8. …every time you see other people’s hands, you think to yourself, “Mmmmm…good veins!”.
9. …someone asks you what’s the best contraceptive, you say, “X-ray”.
10. …in order to drive the point home that your spouse took too many photos with the camera, you do a reject analysis.
A portion of it credit to the original post at http://amirfuadh.blogspot.com/2008/05/you-know-youre-radiologist-when.html and http://www.chumpysclipart.com
MISS YOU
I had waited so many years for you to come. I had been counting days and later hours when you are coming. I never anticipated for the arrival of anyone as I did of you. Now that you came, you brought so much energy,so much passion. I used to wait till late night just to see you. I had no hunger, no thirst, just wanted you give me a nice time. You made me feel so young with a new vigor and rejuvenated me. You brought me happiness, excitement, thrill, though at times sadness but I accepted whatever you would give. Wherever, I used to go I use to hear people talking about you. You had been a part of me and my life seemed incomplete with you. Every moment spent with you was a moment I treasured for years to come. But now that you are gone, it will take time for me to adjust myself as you had changed all my circadian rhythm. You stayed for about a month and I do not regret anytime spent with you as some may say I wasted my time even Paul had suggested. I shall be talking about you with my friends and how I had spent time with you with a sweetest memory. I miss you now and shall be waiting eagerly to see you once again though you may travel farther from me. Au revoir.
WC
好雨时节, A GOOD RAIN KNOWS,호우시절
I had always been selective in watching movies. After a thorough review only then I usually gather the patience to watch one completely. This time I watched without any reviews or any sorts just plain thought and also watched completely. The movie was a contemporary one in my perspective, a perfect blend of being a romantic one with other perspective and I do not regret the time consumed as it was an educational too to some aspect giving some feel of Chengdu and culture around it as well getting us reminded of the tragic and devastating earthquake of Sichuan. Besides I also got a knowledge of the Chinese poet Du fu 杜甫 considered one of the greatest of China; also one of the greatest of all civilians with an aspiring vision for the country. A particular line has mystified me ” The flower blossom to mark the beginning of spring or that spring arrives for the flower to blossom?”. The movie’s soundtrack is also that has caught me with the melody getting to the bottom of the heart. The song title Falling down has a deep feeling and would be a nice one to hear it while there is the rain . With the rain reminds me of the smile is indeed a line that has got a real hold on me. Here is the lyrics of the song with Chinese translation, thanks to the original contributor
《Falling down》 Maybe sometime, could be here again 也许某个时候可以再次在此相遇 trying to find out we don't know yet. 去找出我们未知的东西 Maybe it's something to make us come around. 也许是某些事物让我们再在一起 The rain will be something to let me calm down. 雨将让我冷静下来 There is silence flowing around me in the air when you're apart. 当你离开时， 安静完全包围了我 Maybe it's something to make you turn around. 也许是命中注定你要回头 The raining is something just holding me now. 现在雨紧紧抱住了我 I know that you wonder where we stay around. 我知道你怀疑我们现在所处何方 Maybe I found you always here, in my mind. 也许我已经发现你一直在我身边，在我心里 It's falling around me. I'm feeling like lost in time. 雨落在我周围。 我感觉迷失在时间里 I'm waiting behind you. Just don't let me down. 我在你身后等待。 不要让我失望 You're running away now. You're sinking in flowing time. 你现在跑走了。你在时间里沉没。 This rain reminds me of your smile. Don't bring me down. 雨让我想起你的微笑。 不要让我伤心
TODAY IS MY DAY
If I tell you all the things, will it always be the same? The world doesn’t seem to know, nor does it even cares. Miles apart but still close, is it true or is it just fake? Shadow casts on my way, see the sun is above me. Did I lose my mind in vain?
INSOMNIA
The clock is ticking 2:40 in the morning and I am still awake. I try to get the sleep but my mind just would not take. Is something haunting me, am I running in quicksand? Why I make this solemn oath but the self doesn’t stand. My head is talking to me, I can’t get what it needs. Insomnia as always been haunting in the end, there is nothing much I can do , nothing I can pretend. I hear the quietest sound , never seems to faint away. My bones and my veins wrestling on in dismay. My swollen eyes , the dragged soul compelled to withstand this mighty happening ,till when I can take it till when will it stay? Awake till the light of the new morning, the dark of the night just passes away. The candle is burning , the flame never stays. I hope this suffering would come to an end. The room is creaking the night gets its hold on me. Tossing one to the other nothing really helps. Can anyone help me?
LUIS SUAREZ MANOS DE DIOS
What is fate? What is destiny? As I always say the thing that is occurring is it what our destiny wants or what we are destined to. Life brings surprises and grievances at times but at the end of the day it is what it finally begets. The quarter final match between Ghana and Uruguay reminds me of this same story. Ghana had my soft corner being the only African nation in the world cup who reached this far. The utter display of the game was evident till the end of the first half which capitulated into a goal at the extra injury time. Uruguay definitely looked a better team for the whole rest of the game till the dying moments of the extra time. The sympathetic system – flight and fight reaction or to say the definite instinct by Luis Suarez change the course of the game which shall be in memory lane for all live viewers as me. This handball marks the only known scenario for me in the football world that was taken as fortunate one by the players’ team which gave the last breath of the dying moment at the very test of time. Ghana was not cheated as we had seen hand goals of Maradona. Henry, Fabiano who escaped with no punishments. The handball of Suarez I call it as Manos De Dios as this was the changing moment in the history of World Cup this summer as revived the hope in all the country and the fans around. Fortunate were both the teams but the presence of mind at the precise fraction of time proved Uruguay to be the brave. My sympathy is for Ghana but for the day Uruguay had God with them and everything was fair.
AU REVOIR BRAZIL IN BRAZIL IN 2014
With the world cup reaching into the final climax, today’s game was the one which I was much interested with. Brazil had performed remarkably well with progression of the game. All players seem to be in great touch both in and out of the field. The co-ordination seemed too organized. Netherlands on the other hand were suffering from internal matters which was not so much reflected outwards thanks to the coach. I was personally a bit inclined towards Netherlands as they had been at many times unlucky to get what they deserved . The goal scored by Brazil was missed to watch by me however the tempo of the game had improved since then. Netherlands appeared more approached to the game and seemed more determined to cast a win from the game. The complacency shown by Brazil at the second half paved a way for Robben and Co to bring about a U turn to the game. With the Schneider’s performance of the day, Netherlands drove the game to their favor. The impact of the so called Persie and Schneider issue did not show up in the field as the team played for the common goal to beat Brazil. As a bonus to the game was the self mockery by Dunga throughout the game which was fun to watch to viewers like me. The home take lesson from the game to our lives is we do not perform alone in any activities, it is the cumulative efforts of all that counts at the end of the day. Anyways Au revoir Brazil in Brazil in 2014.
WAVING FLAG
Vodpod videos no longer available. Vodpod videos no longer available.
Vodpod videos no longer available.
| Different types of Wavin’ Flag versions released so far…
(Both official and unofficial) Album version http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znVB25YFZiQ Album version (Live) on QTV (Semi plugged) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxmEd9lcn0k Acoustic version (Live) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-1ZMWIhWy8 Coca-Cola Celebration Mix version (FIFA 2010 Coca-Cola campaign) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTJSt4wP2ME Arabian version for Arab World “Wavin’ Flag/Shagga’ Bi Alamak” by K’naan and Nancy Ajram http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t41T013H4rs Brazilian version: “Comemorar” by K’naan and Skank http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4dV9kgfraqo Chinese version: “Wavin’ Flag” by K’naan Jacky Cheung and Jane Zhang http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w1XTDvq4oJ8 French version: “Wavin’ Flag ” by K’naan and Féfé http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlE7m0ADsss Greece version: “Wavin’ Flag” by K’naan and Professional Sinnerz feat. Komis X http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mBOAQeoUL0 Haitian version: “Wavin’ Flag” by K’naan and MikaBen http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OzFP6r9vUfs Hungarian version: “Nálunk van a labda” – anchors and sport reporters of Magyar Televízió http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvC3dF8kQa0 Indian version: “Wavin’ Flag” by K’naan and Jasim http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TDBEg8DZTl4 Indonesian version: “Wavin’ Flag/Semangat Berkibar” by K’naan and Ipang http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOlWkuleYTA Japanese version http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYSNaLEqZIA Nigerian version: “Wavin’ Flag (Naija Remix)” by K’naan and Banky W. & M.I. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcs0OfuQKXc Spain/Latin American version: “Wavin’ Flag” by K’naan and David Bisbal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wjZG6vOEZ0 Sri Lankan version: “Wavin’ Flag/Ekama Irak Yata” by K’naan, remixed by Pradeep http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qqw_Wh5D3X4 Thailand version: “Wavin’ Flag” by K’naan and Tattoo Colour http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1APaRf0XAE Vietnamese version: “Wavin’ Flag” by K’naan and Phương Vy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sD4rIfUkovg Young Artists For Haiti version http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nB7L1BIDELc David Guetta & will.i.am remix version http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amXeJrA-wDc International releases mix version (Including 15 countries) (Till June 25, 2010) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzFoXUQvbaE Extras… Handz Up Bootleg 2K10 – e-Brother techno mix version http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJg-f9WMB6U Indian Flava Remix version |
K’naan 张学友 张靓颖
歌词-张学友： |
Letra de la cancion K´naan & David Bisbal
Give me freedom En las calles muchas manos Canta y une tu voz Unidos! when i get older ohhh ohhh ohhh ohhh Danos vida In the streets Singing forever young, singins Seremos grandes, when i get older ohhh ohhh ohhh ohhh |
Source ： http://knaanmusic.ning.com/profiles/blogs/different-types-of-wavin-flag
EXISTENCE OF SELF
We are living in this world where the creator has destined us with a task and thus opted for our existence.There is not anyone in this whole world whose any one day of his life has not been a meaningful one with a purpose though had been of so bitter, boring, howsoever dull ,uncharismatic one. If we try to realize the same moment may also had some intricate value to we ourselves or to someone else.Thus not a single day of anyone’s life is uneventful or has no significance be it for the seamstress or a queen, a slum dog boy or a millionaire, a movie star or a peasant, a philosopher or a Down’s syndrome child.Everyday of our life consciously or unconsciously we are performing some acts which has an impact on ourselves or to someone around us. We hardly recognize the significance of this little act of ours to the mass.Every small thing like a smile on the face, a meager charitable event, a soothing words of hope , a small gesture of kindness, a remembrance of a birthday or event shall echo to the infinity, The life thus led would be the one aspired for. Life is not immortal but the deeds are. Tongue is a double edged sword which can make or mar a relationship.As a good words had the impact to the better of a livelihood, the opposite does also has an impact. A small act of meanness, an expression of hatred, a lust for the self , an envious act, a selfish deed would lead to the root of evil. All humans are so intricately entangled to each other that our lives have a profound impact on the society. A society is made by individuals and by the symphony in them. Survival of tapestry is based on every minute deeds of every single individual and the strength of the bond.Humanity rests not only in the hope of everyone but rather in the hands of everyone.Obliged to strive for the best should be the motto of all of us.Thus every momentous day of our life is the core for the generations to come and the way they leave and lead.So this day is the one we savior had the rays of hope for the tomorrow to come.
1/1/2010
http://drprasannaghimire.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!9FB70B0873AB1909!4390.entry
MOUNT EVEREST-THE ECHOES TO BE HEARD
Mount Everest which is also called Sagarmatha (Nepali) and Zhumulangma (Chinese) is the highest peak of the world measuring a height of 8848 metres above the sea level. The mountain belongs to the Himalayan range and is located at the border of Sagarmatha Zone, Nepal and Tibet, China. Although there were multiple attempts to climb the mountain since early 1920’s, it was in the year 1953 that the duo pair of a Nepalese Tenzing Norgay and New Zealander Edmund Hillary first accomplished the mission. Since then almost 3000 climbers have attempted with more than 700 climbers having successfully scaled the summit. However, with the number of successful summit, the morbidity and mortality has also increased proportionately. Although the charm of the Mount Everest does lie in all, the various aspects that concern have to be dealt with lest some menace do occur.
Morbidities and Mortalities
A retrospective study done by Dr Paul G Firth and published in the British Medical Journal examined the pattern of death among the climbers on Mount Everest from the year 1921 to 2006. The noteworthy finding of the study which supplemented previous studies was that the death rate on Mount Everest is greater than that of lower mountains attempted by similar populations of climbers; the death rate among climbers is higher than that among Sherpa; majority of the death occurring at height above 8000m (the death zone) during descent of the summit. The cause of death in Mount Everest was classified as involving trauma (objective hazards or falls), as non-traumatic (high altitude illness, hypothermia, or sudden death) or as a disappearance. The blood oxygen saturation level even at the base camp falls to 85% (98% to 99% at sea level). The level of oxygen in the blood progressively declines at higher altitude. Although the use of bottled oxygen have been a boon, however other factors as exhaustion, extreme temperatures and the physical hazard are a posing factors for the increasing calamities.
More than two hundred deaths have been reported to have occurred at level above base camp. The death of the population of Sherpas and other climbers appears a little different in etiology. The deaths of Sherpas have in majority occurred at lower sections of the climbing routes which are prone to avalanches. This has been linked to external factors as longer stay attributed to time taken for transport of equipment for the climbers at the extreme situations. The deaths of climbers have been seen more during the descent from the summit related to the neurological and respiratory conditions. This may be as failure of acclimatization to the environment at such high altitude. Besides, increasing crimes at the high altitude and morbidity related to the adverse environment as altitude sickness and extreme cold also poses a major problem.
Environmental and Ecological impact
Following the successful summit of the Mount Everest, the number of climbers has increased drastically in the Himalayan Region. There are also additional Everest tourists and those exploring the region for various purposes. This has been a source of influx of revenue to the region and also source of improvement in the daily living of those associated to the mountaineering. However, with this the ecological system of the region has also become more fragile with evidence of so called adverse environmental effects of tourism. Garbage on the mountain that includes climbing equipment, foods, plastics, tins, aluminum cans, glass, clothes, papers, tents, and dead bodies have caused the region to be labeled the Highest Junkyard of the World. It has been estimated that there are about 50 tonnes of waste at the Everest region. Realizing the reciprocal impact of the tourism to the environment of the region an initiative by the government had been taken with inclusion of the Everest and surrounding area to the designation of Sagarmatha National Park and the area was made a Natural World Heritage Site. Although, the effort has been started for the conservation, the area still has to bear the brunt of the impact of deforestation, pollution and increasing population of the region. Various Non government organizations as the Sagarmatha Environment Expedition (SEE) were established with the initiative of cleaning the Everest. SEE led by Brent Bishop has hauled more than 18,000 pounds of trash from the Everest. In the wake of environmental activism, Ministry of Tourism cut back the number of expeditions allowed yearly and also raised the climbing fee in 1992. Another initiative that was implemented was imposing a must deposit of four thousand dollars from each expedition with returning it on assumption that they bring down as much trash as they carried. Other measures taken include prohibition of deforestation on the mountain and the sale of bottled drinks in the surrounding park. A portion of the climbing fee has been utilized for the collection of trash and cleaning of the region. Although efforts have been made for the conservation of the region to its natural conditions, the area still bears the brunt. Recently a group of Sherpas climbers have taken an initiative to clean the Everest which is noteworthy and to be appreciated.
Allure and hype of records
Climbing Mount Everest is obviously an allure to the trained climber. Thousands of climbing enthusiasts have attempted to reach the summit since the first successful attempt. It should however be noted that various factors do affect in the success of the expedition. Personal experiences, weather factors are the most important issues that have major prognostication values on the success of the trip. Improper training and preparation, non acclimatization of the conditions are the major factors that contribute to the major morbidity and mortality of climbing these high mountains. Even for the most experienced climbers, calamities do occur at instances owing to various environmental and other issues. Recently, individuals are so perplexed to combat the expedition without previous any experience or for sake of records or prestige risking the lives of many on the way with disasters. Recently, hype surrounding the climbing of the Mount Everest has posed a source of controversy from everywhere. A noteworthy event is the recent climbing by a 13 year old teenager for the sake of record holding and propagandas attempting to surpass the record hold by a Nepalese Temba Sheri Sherpa. A sparking controversy arose in the world community and among child rights activist regarding this ascent. They have challenged with criticism that climbing of Mount Everest is itself a challenge to the most experienced as evident by death of climber who have had multiple successful attempt, the teenager Jordan Romero is physically and mentally immature to scale. As there was no any casualty, this issue has been dissolved however it would have sparked to wider extent had the event turned around. Another noteworthy remark regarding this event lies on the fact that the summit of Mount Everest lies on Nepal and Tibet. On this circumstance Romero had breached the law of Nepal as Nepal government has posed a lower age limit of 16 years to climb the Mount Everest. Recently, China has too barred an age limit for the climbers. Moreover many various individuals with different walks of life having no prior experiences and training are too attempting and poised to even endanger lives for the mere achievement of the feat. Cumulative efforts and initiative should be taken from both the Nepalese government and Chinese Government to curtail such activities and for preservation of the heritage site.
Mount Everest and the Himalayan region are a natural heritage and the preservation of this rests on not only on the Government but also should be on individual basis. A sense of responsibility and sentiments from the climbing fraternity, locals and everyone associated directly and indirectly would go a long way in improvement of the environment in and around Mount Everest.
STATS to WC 2010
YEAR |
HOST |
WORLD CUP WATCHED COUNTRY
|
COUNTRY SUPPORTED |
WINNER |
RUNNER UP |
THIRD POSITION |
| 1986 | Mexico | France | France/ Argentina | Argentina | West Germany | France |
| 1990 | Italy | Nepal | Argentina/Italy | West Germany | Argentina | Italy |
| 1994 | United States | China | Italy/ Argentina | Brazil | Italy | Sweden |
| 1998 | France | Nepal | France/ Italy | France | Brazil | Croatia |
| 2002 | ROK & Japan | Nepal | Germany/ France | Brazil | Germany | Turkey |
| 2006 | Germany | USA | France/ Italy | Italy | France | Germany |
| 2010 | SA | China |
The stats for the World Cup of mine include
- Have watched 6 World cups or going to watch including WC 2010
- Watched 3 WC’s in own country and 3 WC’s in foreign country i.e 50 %.
- 3 WC’s watched away from home include 3 countries of 3 different continent
- Except the first two WC’s that I watched, all other took place during exam time.
- Most matches watched in a WC include the 1990 and 2006 WC.
- Country supported winning the World Cup include 3 .
- Country supported been runner up include 4 WC’s.
- Country supported having been finalists 1 WC.
- Country supported having been within three positions 6 WC’s.
The WC 2010 is indeed a major one being the first one to be held in the African Continent after almost 60 years since the inception of the World Cup. Waka waka , Waving flags ……..
THIS DAY 4 YEARS BACK
After 4 years again, more than a billion viewers all over the world are gazing at their television screen as the host country Germany kicks off the 18th World Cup against Costa Rica on Friday around a tight security.
The World Cup lasting a month , is considered as many as the means of unifying people from all over the world, promoting development,prosperity and harmonity. A group of young people from England headed to Germany only to promote peace at the World Cup as an international bid. For the 2006 Fifa World Cup,UNICEF and FIFA have teamed up to ensure each and every child’s right to a peaceful world.
There has been a belief that sports can be a source of peace dating back to the start of the modern Olympic and holds true for the FIFA World Cup. Sports, indeed helps to foster peace in any community,ethnic group,religion,race ;be it from Khudunbari camp of Bhutanese refugee in Nepal to the people at Ivory Coast at turnmoil of Civil War.
FIFA’s vision has been to develop the game, touch the world and build a better future. Indeed, FIFA intends to anchor its key values of authencity,integrity, performance and unity all around the world.
Let’s hope that this FIFA World Cup 2006 helps to make this world a peaceful place to live in.
posted by Dr Prasanna Ghimire at 11:07 AM June 9th 2006. www.drprasannaghimire.blogspot.com
A LAYMAN’S PERSPECTIVE AND EXPECTATION FROM THE NEPALESE POLITICS
http://www.telegraphnepal.com/news_det.php?news_id=7708
A layman’s perspective and expectation from the Nepalese politics
Dr. Prasanna Ghimire
Currently in China
Nepal has always been a country witnessing the changes within itself in its timeline of existence. Bounded by two evolving super power, Nepal has always been a subject of concern to most foreign countries. This fact has often been taken as an instance to divert we the laymen from the reality of the state by the so called politicians and leaders of our country.
Political turmoil envisioned by the country had not just been the ordeal of the past but rather ordeal for decades to come. A question just lingers in every layman as to whether we were destined or were compelled to bear this way? We, Nepalese nationals have witnessed the various political transition of the country and most of us have been dragged by those events. We were always innocent to be driven by those words of the politicians that we forget their past resolution and we are defying from repeating the same mistake to be buried again.
Democracy as we all know is the rule by the people for the people, but does it make any attribute to our nation? What did we gain in these two decades of democracy besides the cultivation of religious, cultural, social discrimination and unrest? Was it what our long desired democracy offer to us? Almost two-third of the current population was fortunate enough to have witnessed the democratic revolution of 2046, the so called Jana Andolan I. We still can recall how much euphoric all of us were to the democratic transition. We all hoped for a brighter future for the country and to us.
Frequent reshuffle of government was the observance in the time to follow for we the laymen, and we just hoped that new government will be a worthwhile which can live to the expectations of the general mass. Seasons come and seasons change, so had been the political scenario of the country which was so volatile to be. The country had been vaguely crippled by nepotism. Also began the tradition of bandh by various parties and organizations to cripple the nation and to affect the general public making them struggle for daily living. We just hoped that one day a change will come paving a road for the country’s well being but we were just doomed to be right.
This instability in the political process with counter accusation of leaders to each other had already dragged the country to a darker side which was to be further amalgamated by the newly boomed Maoist. The decade long insurgency that followed led the country to another dark era where we now faced the sense of insecurity in our own country. The country faced an almost complete halt in every aspect of development with destruction of the countries’ existing so called infra-structures (not to be mentioned how concrete they were thanks to the politicians) and no any new project underway.
The loss of more than ten thousand brothers and sisters in this decade long war can hardly been forgotten as it is we the laymen who are perished and whose tears filled the eyes and suffering was in the store for the years to come. It is our brothers and sisters be it from the state side or the other who were there enduring the sufferings while leaders remained in safer places of Kathmandu.
Although some consider it as battle against so called aristocratic high class to justify the reason for the insurgency, it definitely acted as dividend of the integrity and harmony of the society with again came as a suffering to the laymen. The so called Jana Andolan II was considered as a major turning point for the country whereby the Maoist came to the main political stream, abolishment of the century long monarchy and establishment of a democratic republic. Much was anticipated from the Maoist by the general public envisaging that a radical change in the country would be made possible. The constitutional assembly election paved the way for the Maoist to perform now as the state authority after they emerged victorious as the lay man entrusted them for a change. As what Lord Acton said “The danger is not that a particular class is unfit to govern: every class is unfit to govern”, the oppositions did not realize what disarray they did all through yesteryears that they now self claimed as the righteous ones to govern even at this losing stage.
With toppling of the Maoist led coalition government following resignation of the then Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal, May 4, 2009, formed a coalition government led by UML under Madhav Kumar Nepal. This government was considered illegitimate since its very inception and the general public had very little confidence that it can bring all the political parties under one roof and attain the task of constitution drafting. Formation of a high level commission among the major parties to sort out the existing differences and promote a logical direction of the political vacuum was disarrayed by the death of Girija Prasad Koirala. The demise of the NC president then resulted in the self proclaimed seniority for the vacant post in the Nepalese Congress. Recently, a wave of protest demanding resignation of the prime minister of the present government was proclaimed as the Jana Andolan III. The atrocities and burden to the country and general public could not be understood by the leaders who were staging the protest as well as those who were driving the nation.
The protesting leaders considered it as a major success but they do not have the legitimate right to consider this unless they view from the general public’s perspective. Be it the foreign intervention (as we have been hearing it since old days to our politics by our dear politicians), or some domestic or internal matters resulted in the discontinuation of the protest is of less concern to the general public (also called MAHAN NEPALI JANTA) who now breathe a brief sigh of relief that they are able to continue their ordinary life till another wave erupts.
2010-05-19 07:16:00
Prasun's Words 